Electromagnetic forces interact with electrically charged particles and electromagnetic fields. This course will study how these forces lead to voltage and current transformation. Ratios and polarity are also studied, leading to the introduction of potential transformers and current transformers, and their use in conjunction with the relevant instruments such as ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, and energy meters.

Three-phase transformer configurations are studied along with harmonic distortion, CT saturation, and on-load tap-changer problems and how these problems are dealt with. Over-current and restraint differential transformer protection is developed along with a look at some examples of "old school relays" as well as modern IDE (Intelligent Electrical Devices) relays.

Transformer connections (Y-Y, Delta-Delta, Y-Delta, Delta-Y, and Y-Zag Zig) are examined along with the transformer clock system vector nomenclature.

In this course, oil analysis and the Buchholz relay are also studied.