After we'll learn about attribution. Let's see now are our attribution secured, we have seen that person perception is useful in helping us successfully interact with others. In relation to our preceding discussion of attributions. for success and failure, you can determine why we did poorly in a test, we can try to prepare differently, so we do better on the next one. Because successful navigation of the social world is based on being accurate, we can expect that our attributional skills will be pretty good. However, all people are often reasonably accurate in your attributions, we could see perhaps that they are good enough, they are far away from perfect.

In fact, causal attributions, including those relating to success and failure are subject to the same types of biases that any other types of social judgments are. Let's now see, consider some of the ways that our attributes amigo every one we this, our attributions may be biased is that we are often too quick to attribute the behavior of other people to something personal about them, rather than to something about their situation. This is a classic example of the general human tendency of underestimated how important the social situation really is, in determining behavior, despise occurs in two ways. First, we are too likely to make strong personal attributions to account for the behavior that we observe others engaging in that is, we are more likely to see Mark left a big tip, so he must be generous, then mark left a big tip, but perhaps that was because he was trying to impress his friends.

Second, we also tend to make more personal attributions about the behavior of others. So we tend to say, Mark is a generous person that we do for ourselves, we tend to say I'm generous in some situations, but not in others, when we tend to overestimate the role of person factors in overlook the impact of situation, we are making a mistake that social psychologists have termed the fundamental attribution error. This error is very closely related to another attributional tendency, the correspondence bias which occurs when we attribute behavior to people's internal characteristics, even in heavily constrained situations. In one demonstration of the fundamental attribution error Olinda skiba and her colleagues had participants read a brief story about a professor who had selected two students volunteers to come up in front of a class to participate in a trivia game. The students were described as having been randomly assigned to the role of either quiz master or contestant by drawing straws.

The quiz master was asked to generate five questions from his EDIUS synchronistic knowledge with a stipulation that he knew the correct answer to all five questions rate, which is the quizmaster subsequently posed his question to the other student, Dean, which is the contestant For example, Ray asked what cowboy movie actors psychic is Molly Burnett? Jim look puzzled and final your prize. I really don't know the only movie cowboy that pops to mind for me is john wayne. Read then ask for additional questions and Jim was described as answering only one of the questions correctly. After reading the story, the students were asked to indicate their impressions of both race engines intelligence. If you think about the setup here, you will not is that the professor has created a situation that can have a big influence on the outcomes.

It has read the quiz master has a huge advantage because he got to choose the questions. As a result. The questions are hard for the contestants plants were but the the participants realized that the situation was the cause of the outcomes. They did not rather the students rated Erie as significantly more intelligent than you can imagine that we just seem to be around. Really smart for the students? After all, he know all the ads first, whereas Do you only one of the five.

But of course, this is a mistake, the difference was not at all due to the person factors. This comes back completely to the situation regards to use his own personal score of as a fairy acknowledge to create the most difficult questions he could think of and the observer committed the fundamental attribution error is sufficiently pique the quizmaster situational advantage into account. Michael Morris and his colleagues investigated the role of culture of person perception in a different way, by focusing on people who are bicultural, it has who have knowledge about two different cultures. In the research, they used high school students living in Hong Kong. Although traditional Chinese values are emphasized in Hong Kong because Hong Kong was a British administered territory for more than a century. The students, there are also somewhat acculturate with Western social beliefs and values.

Maurice and his colleagues first randomly assigned the students to one of three primary conditions, participants in the American culture, priming conditions, so pictures of American items such as the US Capitol building in the American flag, and then wrote 10 sentences about American culture, participants in the Chinese culture priming condition, so each Chinese icon such as Chinese broken and the Great Wall of China, and then all 10 sentences about Chinese culture. It finally participants in the control condition, so pictures of natural landscapes enrolled then sentences about the landscapes. Then participants in all conditions read a story about an overweight boy who was advised by a physician not only for the with high sugar content, one day he and his friends went to a bath a dinner where a delicious looking cake was offered despite high sugar content, he ate it. After reading this story, the participants were asked to indicate the extent to which the post weight problem was caused by his personality, which is personal attribution, or by the situation which is situational attribution.

The students who had been primed with symbols about American apartheid and gave a relative last week to situational or rather than personal factors in comparison with students who had been primed with symbols of Chinese culture.