All right. In this video, we're going to be looking at the vocabulary words that you need when describing comparative graphs in your task one essay. So if you remember, this is what the comparative graphs look like. We can have a comparative graph as a bar graph, as a pie chart, or a table. So we have a competitive graph whenever we have a static snapshot in time. So unlike a trend graph, where we have changes that are being described over a period of time, in a competitive graph, we don't have a period of time.

All we have is just a set of data as a static snapshot. Now I want to make a note about the vocabulary words that you're going to learn for describing the comparative graphs. I want you to note that whenever you're writing a task, one essay, you have to compare data in all types of writing questions. Okay? So that means that you have to compare data in the trend graph, you have to compare the data in the comparative graphs, in the process diagrams and in the maps. Okay, so it doesn't matter what type of writing task one question you have, you always have to compare data in all types of writing questions.

However, in the comparative questions, you have to especially make comparisons because you don't have a period of time to describe. All you have is just comparisons. So comparisons become particularly important for comparative graphs. So let's look at the vocabulary words that you need to make comparisons. So first, we're going over the short adjectives. Here we have our adjective.

And here we have the form of the adjective when we're comparing two items. And here we have the form when we're comparing three or more items. Notice that when we're comparing two items, we add an ER at the end of the word. And when we're comparing three or more items, then we add an E st at the end of the word. For example, if you're talking about the adjective Hi, and you want to compare two items, then you may say that one is higher than the other. Whereas if you're comparing three or more items, then you may say that one item is the highest out of all the listed items.

So let me give you an example sentence. You may say the growth rate of banana sales was higher than grapes. Or if you're comparing three or more items, then you may say the growth rate of banana sales was the highest out of all the listed fruits. Similarly, here's our next adjective. If you're talking about the adjective low, then you can use lower than when comparing two items or You can say the lowest if you're comparing three or more items. For example, you may say the number of cars sold in France was lower than in the UK.

Or if you're comparing three or more items, then you can say the number of cars sold in France was the lowest out of all the listed countries. Similarly, whenever you're comparing any of these adjectives here, then you can use this form to compare two items. Or you can use this form to compare three or more items. So here we have the adjectives. Big, great, large, small, strong. We have some more adjectives here.

Short, slow, quick, fast, sharp, slight and long. Now these were the short adjectives. Now let's take a look at long adjectives. The adjective popular is an example of a long adjective. It's long, because when you're comparing two items with this adjective, you have to say more popular than, or if you're comparing three or more items, then you have to say, the most popular. So with short adjectives, such as high, when you're comparing two items, you can just say higher than, or if you're comparing three items, you could say, the highest.

Unlike the short adjectives, when you're comparing long adjectives, you have to say, more popular than or the most popular. So that's the difference between the short adjectives and the long adjectives. So let me give you an example of a sentence. Now, if you're talking about the adjective popular, you may say something like, mobile phones became more popular than computers. Or if you're comparing three or more items, you may say, mobile phones became the most popular out of The list of technological devices. Here we have another adjective, rabid.

So if you're comparing two or more items, you may say something like, the growth of mobile phones was more rapid than computers. Or if you're comparing three or more items, you may say, the growth of mobile phones was the most rapid out of all the listed technological devices. Similarly, whenever we're comparing two items, we use this form here. And when we're comparing three or more items, we use this form here for all of these listed adjectives. So here we have sudden, striking, abrupt, gradual, consistent. Here we have some more adjectives, marginal, significant, considerable, substantial, dramatic, drastic and remarkable.

So before you take your isles exam, make sure that you know how to use the short answer. objectives and how to use the long adjectives to compare two items and to compare three or more items. Now, sometimes you may see irregular adjectives. So here are some examples of the irregular adjectives. So the adjective good is irregular, because to compare two items, you cannot just add er at the end. Or if you're comparing three items, you cannot just add st at the end.

So, for example, if we're comparing two items, we don't say good or that's wrong. If we're comparing three or more items, we don't say goodest. That's also wrong. We say better and best. So here's an example sentence. You may say something like the growth of Apple sales was better than mango sales.

But banana sales performed the best Next, we have the adjective bad. So if we're comparing two items, we say worse. If you're comparing three or more items, we say worst. Alright, so similarly, we have all these irregular adjectives here. To compare two items, you use this form of the irregular adjective. And to compare three or more items, you use this form.

So we have the adjectives much, many, or some. So for all these adjectives, we use the same form when comparing two items. And we use this same form when comparing three or more items. Then we have the adjective little, we're not talking about size here, we're talking about little in terms of amount. Then we have late in this case, we're talking about time, and here we have late again, this time, we're talking about order. All right.

Now you may remember from our discussion on the band descriptors that To get a good score on the lexical resource category, you have to use a wide range of vocabulary. So to show this wide range, you can use what are called negative comparatives. So instead of only using positive comparisons, you can also use negative comparisons to show off your range. So here are some examples. So on the left hand side, we have a positive comparison. And on the right side, we have a negative comparison.

So to make this comparison, there are two ways. So here we have an example sentence, the United States has a larger size than Australia, that is a positive comparison. On the other hand, you can make the same comparison by saying the size of Australia is not as large as the United States. So note that here the meaning is the same in both comparisons. However, you can show off your range by using some positive numbers. Harrison's aren't some negative comparisons.

Here's another example. mobiles are more popular than fixed line calls. To turn this into a negative comparison, you can say fixed line calls are not as popular as mobiles. Here's our last example. The demand for bananas grew faster than apples. For a negative comparison, you can say the demand for apples did not grow as fast as for bananas.

So in your task one essay, if you want to show off your range of vocabulary, you can throw in some positive comparisons, as well as negative comparisons. All right, now let's talk about the degree of difference. In the same way that we use words like much slightly and significantly to describe the degree of difference with positive comparatives. We can do the same with negative comparatives. So let's look at some examples. Here we have a line graph for our example.

So let's say that you're describing a degree of difference, which is very small. In this case, you can use an expression such as not quite as dash as. So here's our example sentence, the growth of hydro power is not quite as much as nuclear energy. Here's another example where we have a big degree of difference. If we have a big degree of difference, we may say, not nearly as dash as. So here's our example sentence.

Coal is not nearly as popular as petrol and oil. So you'll notice that the difference between patrol and oil and coal is quite big. Whereas the difference between nuclear and hydro power is quite small. Here's our final example. If you Have a degree of difference that is very big. For example, here we're comparing hydro power to patrol.

So here's patrol, and here's hydro power. In such a case, we can use the expression, nowhere near as dash as. So here's our example sentence. hydro power is nowhere near as popular as petrol. So you can describe these degree of differences using positive comparisons with words such as much slightly or significantly. Or you can describe this difference using negative comparisons.

So that concludes this video. I'll see you in the next video, in which we're going to talk about the vocabulary words that you need for describing process diagrams.