Now, in this 16th lecture of our course, we are going to discuss about defining FMEA describe the purpose and use of scale as well as calculating the risk priority number RPN. We had discussed about failure mode effect analysis FM EA in the initial lecture of df s s is a systematic method to identify the ways in which a process can fail. Estimate the risk of specific causes with regards to these failures Evaluate the current control plan for preventing these failures. There are two types of FMEA design FMEA used to analyze product failure mode in the early stages of its development process FMEA used to identify various failure modes of process steps and its associated risks and priorities. However, the methods followed is same for both the FMEA s. The only difference is about stage at which it is being used. Let us discuss the process FMEA Now, how do we carry out process FMEA identify the process steps and identify the failure modes in each process steps let us take an example of a coffee making process.

One of its process step is filling the machine with water. Let us see what can be the failure mode for it. In order to find failure mode, first thing we need to identify is the key process input. Here, key process input for this particular activity is water at appropriate Temperature and quantity. Now, it is easy for us to find out the failure mode for the key process input of water at appropriate temperature, what can be the failure mode or what can go wrong it could either be water not at right temperature or water is not at the right quantity that means, the quantity could be two less or two more. Now, once we identify the potential failure modes further step for constructing FMEA are identified identify the effects on customer Due to these failures identify the severity s of effects table are provided in the coming slides for this purpose identify the cause of failure identify the occurrence all of causes identify the chance of detection D in case of failure.

Now, to find out the risk priority number, RP n, RP n is equals to S into all into D more the RP n mo that process step need attention and controls by FMEA We are prioritizing the critical process steps in three distinct perception severity as of a failure in case of its occurrences modal severity of a failure more its rating. Chances are how frequently Oh, the failure occurs. more frequent the failure occurs more it's reading, chances of detection D and preventing in the case of failure occurs more the chances of detection less the reading once we have prioritize RPN ensure proper control improvement measures are established for that particular process steps. Now, in order to rate severity occurrences and detection, there are standard tables available. Let us review the table this is a standard table for reading severity. For example, if one process step goes wrong and the customer could not notice its adverse effect or it is not significant to the customer.

Then we can rate the severity as one for committing defect in that particular process step Similarly, when a particular process tip goes wrong and it is going to cause high degree of customer dissatisfaction, then you need to rate that process step in severity score as seven. Similarly, for the occurrence table if the likelihood of a process step going wrong is removed rate that step as occurrence rating one else or assured failure rated as 10. Similarly, analyze the detection table yourself now, let us have an example From a process of withdrawing cash from an ATM what are the potential failure for this process? ATM not able to dispense cash incorrect amount takes a long time to dispense. Similarly, to view the potential effect in respect of customer and the bank or each potential failures now observe the severity incorrect amount as highest severity as far as customer is concerned.

However, what about the occurrence of incorrect cash less hence the occurrence is rated as three Now, let us review the RPN for each failures what we could see is taking long time to dispense the cash is with PI RPN and incorrect amount with next pi RPN. What could you analyze from this we need to have more control measures for these failure modes. So, that probability of occurring the failures are remote. Well, this we have come to the end of lecture 16. Let us move to the next lecture on Team stages and dynamics. Thank you