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SUMMARY:UNIT 8
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20260501T190000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20260501T200000
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DESCRIPTION: Saponification is an exothermic chemical reaction, which means that it gives off heat that occurs when fats or oils (fatty acids) come into contact with NaOH or KOH, a base. In doing so they are converted to soap and glycerol. For some types of soap, salt is then added to precipitate the solid soap. The saponification generally takes about 24 to 48 hours to complete once the base and oils have been mixed and the raw soap has been poured into the mould. This process can be sped up by adding more heat or slowed down by keeping the process cold. The chemical reaction can be seen in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1. Saponification chemical reaction with KOH
Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN) represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to saponify one gram of fat under the conditions specified. More base is required if the average molecular weight of the fatty acids and triglycerides is lower. However these lower...

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