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SUMMARY:6.5 Vertebral or Spinal Column
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20260409T190000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20260409T200000
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The thirty-three bones comprising the spinal column are called vertebrae. These are divided into five groups according to their distinguishing characteristics.



Cervical vertebrae (7 in number) the first, called the atlas, forms a joint with the base of the skull and permit the nodding movement; the second called the axis permits the side to side movement of the head.


Thoracic vertebrae (12 in number) the twelve pairs of ribs are attached to these.


Lumbar vertebrae (5 in number) are large vertebrae that allow free movement to the spinal column.


The sacrum is a single wedge-shaped bone consisting of five vertebrae fused together. It is situated between the two pelvic bones and forms part of the pelvic girdle.


The coccyx situated below the sacrum consists of four small bones fused together.



Functions of the spine



Forms the central support for the body.


Ensures flexibility of the trunk, protects the spinal cord.


Absorbs shock


Provides attachment for the...

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