Hi, Franklin kowski here in talking about the three last literary elements setting style and theme in this very last lecture in the course. So now let's look at these three elements. in analyzing a story. You want to be able to interpret these three literary elements. And so you need to know how to analyze effectively setting style and theme using proper literary terms, as we saw in the previous lecture. So let's have a look at an overview of the of the Celeste lecture, which has to do as I say we'll we'll look at the different ways we can approach the concept of setting we'll look at stylistic elements in fictional work, whether stories or films will also examine different thematic elements that can appear in literature.

Film. And finally, we'll conclude with a brief overview of film analysis. So let's jump over to setting the setting of a narrative work normally refers to a particular historical time and geographical place, the general or specific a time and place can be more or less important, depending on the on the story. Setting can also refer to the sound, social, sorry, the social or cultural miliar, in which the story takes place. In some narrative stories, it could be interesting to look at how this societal context influences the values and actions of the characters. Some of Oscar Wild stories particularly reflect that importance of looking at let's say aesthetics, in his in his thinking.

Setting plays a key role, sometimes in creating a special mood or atmosphere in a story, and it can have an important impact on the plot, of course, as well as the characters or theme of the story. So far we've talked about external setting, but there is also the notion of internal setting of the story which takes place within the mind of a character. So let's go back to the tell tale heart. Good example, where tension in the story is heightened by the by the mind games that the narrator plays with himself. Here are some questions about setting can be done Like, where and when does the story take place? How important is the setting in the story?

In what ways does the setting affect the the mood or atmosphere of the story? So let's move on now to style stylistic devices is a huge, a huge topic. And we can spend hours talking about because of the richness they add to work. I've highlighted a few of these devices in the slide. allusion, for example, is reference to something outside the work usually in literature history, that links something in the story to the to the readers background knowledge. For example, Martin Luther King Jr.

The great Afro American preacher started his famous I Have a Dream speech with the words five score years ago. This is an allusion to Abraham Lincoln's famous speech, President Abraham Lincoln's famous speech the Gettysburg Address, which started with the phrase Four score and seven years ago. And by the way, score means 20 years. figurative language uses words and phrases in a in a non literal way. The three main examples are a personification, giving human traits to to non human beings or animals. Similarly, comparing three Two things using as like or then and a metaphor, an implied comparison between two things not using, like or as.

And then there's a whole area of imagery, too. So exciting is a frequently used device that appeals to one or more of the senses things like taste, and touch, and sight, and sound and smell. The famous story by Ambrose Spears called occurrence at owl Creek is a wonderful example of the different kinds of senses that the author calls upon to describe. Peyton parcours anxiety as he's escaping from the Union soldiers, wonderful story and occurrence at owl Creek. irony. irony is a favorite device of many authors, because it underscores the difference between what the situation appears to be and what it actually is.

So in other words, irony, shows or states a contrast to what is meant. And it's often confused with sarcasm. So irony is not quite sarcasm. That's another kettle of fish entirely. Sound devices are particularly present in poetry. So, so go to any good online Glossary of literary terms to find out about alliteration, and assonance consonants and Onomatopoeia and rhythm.

There's an activity on this topic later on. Questions about style Okay, what kind of language is used throughout the work? Is it formal or informal? And what kind of figurative devices? Whether they're simile, metaphor personification, are used in the story. Does the story include imagery or symbols?

That's a wonderful literary term symbols are sound devices used, such as alliteration or accidents. Again, Oscar Wilde has some wonderful examples of this in his in his stories, and one in particular is I forget the name of the story but a wonderful story. How does the language affect the mood or atmosphere of the work? So let's move on now. To to theme theme is one of the things literary literary elements that students analyze in a work in a story. That theme has to do with the with the underlying meaning in the central, or the central point about a subject look at the look at the picture on the on the slide.

What do you think is the subject? What do you think is the theme or, or themes that the picture could could express. The subject could be romance or love both very general, however, the topic could be approached by the author in different ways. As we've seen, for example, the author could focus on the theme of happiness that love brings. In contrast, the author could focus on the theme of sorrow that perhaps lost love If it's rejected by the other person, then it's sad. That's for sure.

In the tail if we go back to the tail the TellTale Heart the subject is about murder. Whoo. However, the underlying meaning of the story can deal with the weight of guilt for example. This theme has universal meaning. It expresses a universal truth that appeals to all human beings across different cultures, and even time periods. So that's important to to to explore the universal meaning and truth in a in a work or a film.

Fictional works may have both primary and secondary themes. For example, a secondary theme and post story again, the TellTale Heart may be the violence to oneself and others that insanity may cause. So when analyzing the theme of a work you you want to express your own opinion about the value statement that the author seems to be making. And as we'll see, in the next course, on writing a good film analysis essay, you'll need to support your opinion with external evidence, or with evidence from the work itself or from the writing of other critics. These are questions about theme that you might want to ask yourself, what is the primary meaning of the work? Are there any secondary themes to the work and what you've learned?

So values are truth. Does the work convey? Do any of the elements of the of the story such as setting or character have symbolic meaning? All good questions. Now let's move out to film analysis briefly. Before we leave this lecture on literary analysis, I want to say a few words about film analysis.

As I mentioned previously, analyzing a film based on a novel can be a fascinating way of doing literary analysis and story analysis. But since a film is audio visual, it's an audio visual medium, you can explore so much more than the six literary elements. You can look at camera angles and and shots and camera movement. Students love the the film The Shining by done by Stanley Kubrick because of the brilliant camera work. You can also describe the the costumes used in the film, and how how they add to the mood and atmosphere of the setting. How a film is edited or holds together can relate to the analysis of plot.

Then there is a whole subject of special effects and how they create excitement and suspense. On the other hand, music is such an important part of most films. As I said, we could look at how how sound and music enhance the film's tone and mood questions about the film But I've adapted from critique film analysis are things like how does the film start? What are the two or three film sequences that are most important? That's kind of fun to tackle. What are the the characters?

How are the characters portrayed? And how does the the film use color? Or, or light and dark to suggest tone and mood in different scenes? In what ways do the the sound and music enhance the film and you can study the musical effects by people like john Williams and Hans Zimmer and other great composers. What specific scene represents the film's climax? That's a wonderful question to answer and what are what are some of the themes of the film.

Is the ending of the film clear or ambiguous? And does the film relate to any literary texts you have read? That's interesting to make that comparison. And if you're doing an analysis of a film based on a novel, you might want to read part of the novel as well. I have my students read the first 30 pages of a novel that they've studying in film format. And what are the what are some of the special effects?

So there are a bunch of very good questions, I must say. So let's wrap up. So in this final lecture of the course, we looked at how internal and external setting can affect a literary work and have such an important impact. We talked about different stylistic elements such as allusion, figurative language and imagery. And then we saw how How how the theme or the underlying meaning of the work can be analyzed. Finally, we did a brief overview of the different elements of film analysis.

It's now time to go to the self assessment worksheet to check your understanding of the concepts covered in the course. And then take the 20 question quiz to test your understanding of the material. I hope you did well. I want to wish you all the best and see you in the next course on how to write a critical analysis essay. By now or wha