Now it's time to see how to handle lists and list elements. And what tools does Python provide for this? We've already seen the Len function being used on a list. But what if you want to find out the maximum or minimum value within a list? Well, you have the max and min functions available for that. So let's consider list two.

And let's try min of list two minus 11, which seems about right, since it is the only negative value inside the list. Next, we have max of list two, which returns 12. Again, that is correct. Now what about a list of strings? Let's consider list three. In this case, mean of list three returns a, and max of list three will of course return c. However, if we have a list with various types of elements, say numbers and strings mixed together, like for example, list one, how does Python compare a string with an A integer and return the maximum value inside the list.

Well, in that case, let's try max of list one. And Python returns a type error saying that it cannot compare integers with strings. Or in fact, generally speaking, comparison operators are not supported between different data types. This was possible in Python version two, where the max function would have returned the value Juniper inside the list, considering strings as being greater than integers. However, this has changed in Python three, and the result is an error. Now let's check the available list methods we have at hand.

First, we should learn how to append a new element to the list. It's simple enough so let's consider list one again. to append an element to this list, we just use the append method like this list one dot append, of, let's say 100. Let's see a list one now. Indeed, element 100 has been appended to the list. Now let's remove an element from the list, we have three options this time.

First, we can use the following command, they'll list one of let's say four, where four is the index of the element we want to remove. In our case, this would be 10.5. Now checking list one again, we see that this value is no longer a member of this one. Another way to remove an element by its index is using the pop method like this. List, one dot pop of zero will remove the first element in the list right. Now, if we check list one again, we can spot the absence of Cisco.

Okay, the third way is to actually remove an element by specifying the element itself using the Remove method. So we have list one, dot remove, let's say Juniper. Let's check list one, and the element is now gone. Okay, great. Now let's see how we can insert an element at a particular index in the list. This is easily accomplished by using the insert method.

So we have list one dot insert, and in between parentheses we have to comma, and let's say Nortel. where two is the index of the location where we want to insert the element, the new element, and note so is the new element itself. Now checking list one again, we can see that the new element has been inserted at index two. Another interesting list operation is appending. A list to another list. So let's say we have list two.

To add the elements of list two to list one, we can use the extend method. Let's see both lists before that. So we have list one, and list two. And now we can just extend list one with the content of list to like this list one dot extend of list through. And here's our new list list one with the element of both lists unified inside the single list. Now remember the index and count functions from strings.

Python makes them available for lists as well. So let's find out the index of an element in our list, and how to count the occurrences of an element inside the list. So list one dot index of minus 11, let's say returns the index of the element minus 11 in the list, and that is three. Now let's append the value 10. Thus having this value twice inside the list, so list one dot append of 10. Okay, so we have 10, twice inside the list.

Now let's use the count method. So list one dot count of 10. And indeed We have to returned meaning that the element 10 appears twice inside our list, which is correct. Now let's have a look at ways of sorting the elements inside the list. First, we can use the sort method. So returning to list two, let's add a couple of elements first.

So list two dot append of one. Let's also add 25. And, let's say 500. Let's see Let's do again. Okay, now let's say we want to have them sorted in ascending order, we will simply apply the sort method on lists to like this list to that sort. Okay, now let's see lists two.

And now we have the elements of list two sorted in ascending order. Great. What if we want the elements sorted in reverse or descending order? Well, we have the reverse method for this. By the way, as you might have noticed already, the names of these methods are pretty intuitive and straightforward. And that's one of the reasons why Thought is such a beginner friendly programming language.

Now back to our list. Let's apply the reverse method and check the results. So lists to dot reverse. Let's check out these two. Awesome, just what we were looking to achieve. The two methods you've just seen are modifying the list in place, meaning that after you apply the method, there is no other list created in memory.

You have the same list to only that the elements are displayed in a specific order to solve the elements of a list, and also create a new list in memory at the same time, you have the sorted function available. Let's see it in action. Let's solve the elements of list two in ascending order again, using the sorted function so sorted of list two. Okay, now if you want to use the same function to reverse the order, just add an argument inside the parentheses. This argument is called reverse and it must have the value of true assigned to it. They are is best to the sorted function right inside its parentheses after the name of our list.

So let's try this sorted of list two, comma. And now the argument reverse equals true with a capital T. And the result is indeed correct. By the way, you may ask me where this reverse equals true argument came from? Well, I knew it because I used it a couple of times before, but if you wants to check the syntax or available arguments for a function, you should use the help command inside the Python interpreter, passing the name of the function you want to know more about as an argument. So for example, we have help of sorted and you can see this argument right here, which is by default equals to false, but if we want to have a list sorted in reverse order, or in descending order, we should switch this to true. Two more things worth mentioning here.

You can concatenate or repeat them. list as you did with strings using the plus and multiplication operators. So let's say we have list one, plus list two, and this unifies the two lists. And also for example is two times three multiplies the elements of list two, three times. Also notice here that duplicate elements are allowed, so don't worry about that. Next we are going to discuss list slicing